Birthday dishes

A birthday is a personal day for all children or adults. Planning for birthday dishes may seem like a simple project, but it can be difficult with a lot of work. Organization, preparation, and food selection. First of all, we needed a good organization.For example, making a list of family, relatives, friends, others in order to know the number of the guests Secondly, we spent time selecting the right food. Informal meals usually include appetizer and drinks, the main dishes and deserts as ell as the local dishes. Prepare the appetizer, which can include salads, nuts, potato chips, and snacks. Soft drinks, fruit Juice, and alcohol go well with the appetizer.Prepare the main dishes, such as chicken in paste, School food like pasted mammalian serve with potatoes and salty Nile parched in paste(agar) which are my favorite dishes, green vegetables in paste, grind pea in paste (mongo) served with moo- yea, and bush meat , roasted pork, , grilled chicken, all serve with potatoes, smashed ca ssava, rice, millet, maize and sorghum posh, Cheesecake and apple pie, paw-paw, avocado, the lion's heart, pineapple, mangoes can also be Included with the deserts and My mother spent the whole day in the kitchen cooking and preparing all the above for us.The cake arrived in the evening and soon my friends and other Invited guests started pouring in. At last, making my birthday dishes takes a lot of time. Through organization, preparing, and selecting the food, I found out that planning a successful birthday party dishes was not really simple and easy.

Online Enrollment Related Study

I was able to use the student enrollment system of University of Ulster for the first time and it was a WEB based enrollment system/application. A web application or web app is an application that is accessed via the Internet or an Intranet. Web applications are popular due to ubiquity of the client. The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers are key reasons for their popularity. A significant advantage of building web applications to support a standard browser feature is the ability to perform as specified, regardless of the operating system installed on a given client and it enables the students, faculty, and administrators of the institution to gain 24-hour access and use to the proposed system via a client computer without any needs of installing or distributing any software.The Automated Enrollment System of University of Ulster aims for an accurate, user friendly, efficient system that can help both the student and personnel for fast data processing of enrollment. And now we are going to talk whether we have achieved that aim or not. I was able to use the student enrollment system of University of Ulster for the first time and it was a WEB based enrollment system/application. A web application or web app is an application that is accessed via the Internet or an Intranet. Web applications are popular due to ubiquity of the client.The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers are key reasons for their popularity. A significant advantage of building web applications to support a standard browser feature is the ability to perform as specified, regardless of the operating system installed on a given client and it enables the students, faculty, and administrators of the institution to gain 24-hour access and use to the proposed system via a client computer without any n eeds of installing or distributing any software.

Academic Problems Facing College Students Physical Education Essay

Academic Problems Facing College Students Physical Education Essay Post-secondary education is facing many problems today. One of the most significant issues is that students are not prepared for the academic demands of college, which can lead to dissatisfaction, poor grades and non-completion. Nationally, academic preparedness is deficient (Moore, 2006). Idaho has witnessed this problem and is working to overcome the challenges (Idaho State Board of Education, 2009). College enrollment of young adults in Idaho has seen a slight drop since 1990. In comparison with national averages, a relatively fewer number of young adults in Idaho are enrolled in postsecondary education. Moreover, only 43% of those who matriculate to college are able to successfully complete an undergraduate degree within a period of six years (National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, 2008). One program post-secondary institutions have embraced in Idaho is dual enrollment, a program that encourages high school students to attend college courses concurrent with high school courses for high school and college credit, also known as dual credit. This study will attempt to examine the effectiveness of the dual enrollment program in Idaho, specifically if participating in dual enrollment affects a student’s first year college GPA, and retention. Statement of the Problem The problem being studied is the mixed findings on the effectiveness of dual enrollment programs in influencing college success among first-time college students. Dual enrollment has been thought of as a viable way to reduce high school drop outs and increase college enrollments. Benefits of the dual enrollment programs are supplementing the curriculum of high schools with college courses (Jacobson, 2005), and exposure to the rigors of college while in high school creates a more successful college student. Despite the presence of outcome studies, too little is known about how dual credit enrolment affects college outcomes among those who matriculate first time to college. Thi s study will attempt to examine the effectiveness of the dual enrollment program in Idaho, specifically, if participating in a dual enrollment program correlates with a student’s first year college GPA and retention. Significance of the Study This study contributes to the lack of literature on dual credit programs and their impact of college success. The purpose of this study is to determine whether participation in dual enrollment courses in high school affects the academic experiences of first-time freshen. Institutions now encourage students to co-enroll in postsecondary institutions for credits. In fact, dual credit courses are among the most popular educational programs today. The benefits of dual credit enrollment are well-established in institutional literature. The main benefit of dual credit enrollment is that high school students has a higher likelihood of matriculating into college immediately after high school graduation and towards successful completion of a post secondary degree. Institutions will benefit from this study because it will provide data that could inform practice and implementation of dual credit programs. School administrators can be more adequately informed of how outcomes of dual credit courses are mediated by variables such as gender, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. The data from this study can be used to inform decisions related to how dual credit programs can be made more effective. This could provide basis for changes in the design or implementation of dual credit programs to become more accessible and more conducive for all.

Explain how an investor can set a stream of future payments from an Coursework

Explain how an investor can set a stream of future payments from an investment equal to its present value. Give two reasons why an investor might be interested in the present value - Coursework Example Stress is a common occurrence in the life of any individual. Stress has been shown to affect an individual’s performance hence in effect hampering their output, ability to relate and communicate effectively. This usually leads to a state of depression. This paper will highlight the causes of depression and anxiety, the types of treatments that are available for patients and the most recommended treatment. This paper will look at two articles that highlight the causes and treatments of depression and anxiety. It is paramount to understand the different approaches used in stress management before analyzing the stress management techniques. Stress management techniques could be grouped in two using two main classification methods (Lehrer, et al., 2007): a) Problem focused approach methods aim to identify the root cause of stress in the workplace. These approaches consider time management and come up with solutions best applicable for a particular cause, tailored for that specific workplace environment (Lehrer, et al., 2007). For example, problem focused approach methods for a construction site worker differs from those of a banking hall teller. b) Emotionally focused approach methods seek to provide a temporary guide for the parties involved getting by with the symptoms, but give little in solving the root cause of stress. Social support is the most common method; however drugs and alcohol fall under this category (Lehrer, et al., 2007). a) Psychological approaches handle subjective feelings triggered by stressful situations, such as lack of control and anxiety. These approaches only help people cope with these feelings (Lehrer, et al., 2007). b) Physiological approaches to handle the physical symptoms of stress that can be felt in the body. Symptoms such as increased heart rate and arousal are reduced by exerting

The seductive play of power in Richard III Essay

The seductive play of power in Richard III - Essay Example The Middle Ages in England was characterized by power politics. Buckingham is as seduced by power as Richard is. In fact even before Richard explicitly reveals his intention of seizing the crown, Buckingham is seen hatching plots so cunningly, that Richard is delightfully tempted to say: "My other self, my counsel's consistory,/My oracle, my prophet! My dear cousin,/ I, like a child, will go by thy direction./ Towards Ludlow then, for we'll not stay behind." It is interesting to note that the women characters are not fleshed out in the play and are only allowed declamations. This is reasoned by Miner and Irene G. Dash who refers to the women in the play as "ciphers" or "nonpersons" because they are widows and their sole source of power and of social identity-their husbands-is gone. However, it is Richard's play. No other role matters much. He is a grand parodist - of himself, of stage conventions and of other characters. That is the secret of his outrageous charm. His great power over the audience and the other figures in his drama is a compound of terror and charm. Richard's zest, his antic glee in his own diabolism, is infectious. The sadomasochistic seduction of Lady Anne by Richard is by far the most fascinating episode in the play. She is seduced by the power of his rhetoric and his forceful emotional argument when he bares his chest and hands her his sword asking her to either kill him or take him up: "for I did kill King Henry-/But 'twas thy beauty that provoked me./ Nay, now dispatch; 'twas I that stabb'd young Edward-/But 'twas thy heavenly face that set me on." (Act I scene ii) Harold F. Brooks calls this Richard's "breathtaking impudence". Another instance where Richard seduces through the power of his language is in Act IV, scene iv. In order to consolidate his power, he falsely swears to Queen Elizabeth that he is in love with her daughter, and to gain credibility he wishes upon himself a curse that should take effect if his vow proves false: "God and fortune, bar me happy hours!/ Day, yield me not thy light, nor, night, thy rest!" His most triumphant parody occurs in Act III scene vii when he dupes the citizens of London into petitioning him to be their king. By imitating a holy man and appearing reluctant to accept the crown, Richard succeeds in getting the power he craves: "Would you enforce me to a world of care/ Well, call them again. I am not made of stone,/ But penetrable to your. kind entreats,/ Albeit against my conscience and my soul." Shakespeare's greatest originality in Richard III which redeems what some critics call an otherwise cumbersome and overwritten drama, is the hero-villain's startlingly intimate relationship with the audience. From the first line of the play, Richard woos the audience through the seductive power of his soliloquy: "Now is the winter of our discontent/ Made glorious summer by this sun of York;" Enthralled, the audience is on unnervingly confidential terms with him. They are unable to resist Richard's outrageous charm, making Machiavels out of them all. They are entertained by the suffering of others. Richard co-opts them as fellow-torturers, making them share guilty pleasures with the added frisson

Exploring and learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exploring and learning - Essay Example There are also some students who take a strategic approach, where they intend to maximize their chances of getting high marks. In today’s intellectual world, the three approaches of learning namely; deep, surface and strategic have become very popular. The surfacing issue therefore emerges on which of the three learning approaches is the most effective. This raises a very highly debatable issue. While some learners adopt a deep approach as noted by Morgan (1993), others prefer a surface approach when engaging in their studies. This paper seeks to critically analyze the three approaches of learning; deep, surface and strategic. Further, it will seek to examine how the chosen approach of learning affects the performance of a student. Marton and Saljo are the scholars behind the theory of deep and surface approaches to learning. They wrote a scholarly paper describing the varied manner in which learners approached learning in the academic sector. This studied was in the psycholog y department which at that time was quite unusual. This is because by default, they would have set up an artificial laboratory experiment for purposes of isolating one element from the other. Instead, Marton and Saljo sought to engage university students and their habitual behavior during learning. The students were required to read an article and thereafter answer questions based on the same. The study revealed that to some learners, the text was perceived as information with such discrete units meant to be memorized (Stanger-Hall, 2012, 294). The memorization was meant to help to answer the questions that would follow. The two scholars referred to this as the surface approach. On the other hand, some students perceived the text as one containing structured meaning. They were eager to discover the meaning of the article, its implications and the impact it had on them. They termed this as the deep approach. It follows that learners who engage in the deep approach had a better unders tanding of the article and were therefore able to answer a variety of question deciphered from it. In addition, they were in a better position to remember the content effectively compared to the others. Subsequent researches after this study have shown that there are different approaches to learning that students engage in while undertaking their academic tasks. A surface approach to learning can be defined as the result of low cognitive level engagement which yields to fragmented outcomes that do not translate to understanding or meaning. This process takes place when the learner takes in information ‘by heart’, but is in the least interested in engaging with the meaning of what s/he has taken. When taking this approach, the learner’s motive lies in only carrying out the task (Lauriland, 2003,47). This is due to some either positive or negative pressure/consequence. Negative in that if s/he fails, it is bound to affect his life in a not so pleasant way and posit ive in that if s/he passes, he will be favored by the teacher/instructor. Rote learning is a surface strategy whereby the learner focuses on what s/he perceives as the most important information and embarks on memorization of the same. Since the intention is as earlier noted to pass a test or exam, the learner finds not interconnections found in what is being learnt between meanings implications of the same. Surface learning is

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Final exam - Essay Example President Obama won with a landslide because of the extreme challenges that the country was facing due to poor Republican Party leadership under former president Bush administration. Retrospective voting is a type of voting whereby people vote for officials when times are good and against them when times are bad. In this case, parties vying for the various seats compete by emphasizing on competence, the way they reflect on public goals and not by taking particular policy stands. Under retrospective voting, voters do not bother in forming preferences on complex issues, but rather vote depending on their evaluation of the past performance. This means that voters focus only on the most essential issues and it demands very little of the voters. Moreover, politicians have a strong incentive in solving problems that the public wants them solved. Retrospective voting also gives room for deliberation and experimentation of unpopular policies provided the results are pleasing to the citizens before the next elections. Its main disadvantage is the fact that it is not easy to get rid of bad political leaders unless extremely bad disasters happen. Prospective voting on the other hand refers to the type of voting that involves considering the future wellbeing of the citizens or country at large been in the voters mind. Both these two types of voting are very common in the USA. There are many complaints about the US bureaucracies though some of the most common complaints include the issue of duplication of duties as some bureaucracies are said to be too large. Some other people complain about them being too expensive to run with other arguing that they are extremely powerful. The issue of speed is also often raised whenever discussing bureaucracies whereby some people claim that they act very slowly since federal employees seem to have so much job security thus have little fear of losing their jobs because of

Ender's Game Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Ender's Game - Research Paper Example While at the Battle School, these children are trained in the art of battle via increasingly tough games. These games include ones that are performed in zero gravity in the Battle Room. This is where the tactical genius of Ender is discovered. According to the book, humanity started to examine the solar system and comprehend interplanetary spaceflight sometime in the near future. During this assessment, they came across an alien species referred to as the Formics, offensively named buggers because of their insect-like features (Elaine 7). These creatures attacked human beings and members of these two species entered into a battle. In spite of political disagreements between the three ruling parties, the Strategos, Polemarch, and Hegemon, a peace was developed and an International Fleet created to deal with the Formics. In anticipation for the return of the buggers, the International Fleet developed the Battle School. This was a program meant to ascertain children of brightest and bes t tactical brains and place them in thorough training to help deal with the Formic concern once and for all (â€Å"Introduction†. Enders Game 26). This paper will analyze and interpret why Ender behaves as he does in the novel by looking at the events or conditions that made him the person he is in the novel. Ender’s game highlights the story of Ender Wiggin. This is a young boy who is taken to the Battle School which is situated in the orbit above the earth. This training institution is created to make the young children become combatants that will fight against the buggers in the future. Ender goes to the training institution, trying his level best to advance in the harsh training program. On the other hand, his sister and brother are attempting to fix the earth and make it a better place. The training is difficult for Ender. Nonetheless, Ender is given an extremely talented instructor, who assists him in becoming a commander who will ultimately

Compare education system differences between US and China Essay

Compare education system differences between US and China - Essay Example For most, practical knowledge is more important than textbook knowledge.† (Chen, 2001). However, the Chinese system is totally focused on examination and higher scores. Their ultimate goal of education was concerned with the success of the student in his/her achievement, which would let them earn money and fame in future. In the American education system, the school structure holds a grade system where kindergarten through fifth grade is classified as elementary school, sixth through eighth as junior high school and ninth to twelfth as high school. However, in China, the grade division is split a little differently, with the kindergarten to sixth classified as elementary school, and seventh to twelfth as middle school. In addition to these structural differences, the US schools use a holistic system of education where the students’ school grades, test scores, extracurricular activities, code of conduct, application essays as well as a personal interview are taken into account. On the contrary, the education system in China solely focuses on the academic results and hard work exercises. Unlike in US, the entire school system of China is very rigid with guidelines and predetermined classes, while the American system exercises more freedom on the part of the students. For instance, in US, a stude nt has the freedom to choose his or her classes which is totally unheard of in China, as every class and syllabus, all through the high school to college is set in advance, for the reason of avoiding the complications accompanied with the personalized education system. The concept of education has a greater influence on the students’ reflection towards the society in the future. The major dissimilarity between the American and Chinese education lies in their teaching systems. This system has a profound impact on the students’ attitude of learning and pursuing

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Essay

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story - Essay Example In order to bring out the theme of a story clearly, the author uses the characters, action, setting and various elements of literature (Guerin, 2005). The Necklace applies irony to express the theme of poverty and social class in society. Mathilde is born in a family of employees, and the author describes her as a person with no choice of what she wanted. The author describes her as a person with no means of being known, loved, understood, or getting married to a rich man. The theme is enhanced by the fact that she was forced to get married to a little clerk working in the Education Ministry. The title of the story, â€Å"The Necklace† creates a desire for the reader to know why the title was used. The necklace she borrowed, as the story continues, becomes the source of conflict in the story. The literary element of irony in the story has contributed greatly to the buildup of the theme in the story. There are various instances in the story where irony is evident. Mathilde thou ght of herself living in delicacy and luxury, but throughout the story, she has been depicted as a poor woman and wife. Mathilde and her husband have been in debt for a period of ten years. This is after she lost her friend’s diamond necklace, which she had to pay. She came to learn later the necklace was not original diamond and she could have rather said the truth than buying a new one. She lived her life thinking of all the best things in life, which she admired, but did not have. She had a long-time rich friend whom she did not want to go and see anymore. This literary element of irony has enhanced the theme of poverty and social classes. Mathilde could no longer visit her rich friend because of their differences in social class. Her friend was a rich person whereas she was extremely poor and always in distress. The author to depict the socially classified society of Parisian in the 1880s may have used this literary element of irony. When her husband comes home one day ex pecting to make his wife happy, Mathilde is angry. He comes with a card inviting them to a party at the ministry’s palace. However, Mathilde is not happy because she does not have a nice dress to wear. She ends up compelling her husband to buy her a dress with the money he wanted to buy a gun. Mathilde is not satisfied with her status, but wants to look like the rest of the women. This instant of irony indicates how social class influences people in poverty. Use of characterization in the story has enhanced the portrayal of the theme of poverty and social class. The character of Mathilde is portrayed as a person who is not contented with what she has. She is always dreaming of having a nice and luxurious apartment, with rooms decorated with oriental tapestries and lightened by bronze lamps on the floor. Her unsatisfactory character finally lands her in trouble after borrowing a diamond necklace from Forester. Mathilde is totally unsatisfied and unhappy with all she has and sh e is looking for material things throughout her life. Her character of always dreaming and desiring things she cannot afford made her to appear arrogant and stuck-up when she refuses to attend the party because she does not have a dress and the right jewelry. All this is set in Parisian, which creates the atmosphere of the story. The setting enhances the theme of poverty and social class, which was rampant in the area of setting in the 1880s. Looking at the efforts of Loisel to please his

Supply Chain Management at World Co. Ltd. Essay Example for Free

Supply Chain Management at World Co. Ltd. Essay Industry Facts: Specialty Retailing Sector -Women’s apparel industry in Japan seasonal industry products have short life cycles and extremely uncertain demand International Competition 3 Distribution Alternatives- company-owned stand alone stores, shops in fashion malls, and shops within department stores â€Å"store-within-a-store† Company Facts Operates in women’s apparel industry Company uses both wholesale and retail distribution methods Wholesale items are sold in other stores (retailers) Specialty store Private-label apparel (SPA) merchandise which includes the OZOC and Untitled brands was sold at stores owned by World Uses SPARCS, a business process system that allows World to monitor sales trends and focus on customer demand to maximize the efficiency of store support operations By late 1990’s World sold over 40 different brands in approximately 7,000 shops and stores World’s divisions are organized by product (brand name) 1998- World Employed 2,394 workers Net sales $1.8 billion and net income of $32million Company held a 3.5% share of the Japanese apparel market Major U.S. competitors are Gap Inc., The Limited Rooted in Domestic Manufacturing Brand Facts Targeted at female customers 25-29 years of age Annual Sales 2.2 million Introduce new collections twice annually (Spring-Summer; Fall-Winter) Introduced New Products Every 2 Weeks At the end of 1998, Untitled Brand could be Found in 110 Stores Qualitative Analysis Industry Analysis: Threats: Lack of Channel Power Uncertain Demand Seasonality Inventory Risk Opportunities Fewer Variations In Store Assortments Fast Changing Fashion Trends (Social) Low Inventory Levels International Manufacturing Company Analysis Strengths World’s High Inventory Turns (5/year) (Operations) 47% Gross Margin Keen Competitive Intelligence- reviewed competitor’s brands every six months (Marketing) Decentralized Merchandising Operations- each brand was autonomous (Operations/Marketing) High Responsiveness (Operations) Versatile Line Workers Recruited talented individuals who were unafraid of change and could motivate others (Management) Weaknesses Weak Pay-for-Performance System (Management) Low Brand Awareness Left over inventory is markdown 50% Quantitative Analysis: Wholesale net sales=(total net ales- net spa sales) ¥1,643,130,000 World’s private label spa brands  ¥250,000,000 Net Sales Of World Corporation ¥1,893,130,000 Cost of Sales  ¥983,610,000 Gross Profit Margin at 47%  ¥909,520,000 World’s private label Spa brandsNet Sales:  ¥250,000,000 SPA’s Cost of Goods sold:  ¥130,500,00 Purchases @ 97% ¥126,585,000 Other ¥ 3,415,000 G. M. of Spa brands at 47.8% of Sales Gross Margin:  ¥119,500,000 Cost of Goods sold include merchandise inventory, purchases, (purchase discounts), total merchandise available for sale Average Inventory for World Co., Limited and SPA Brands World Co., Limited Average Inventory = Cost of Goods sold =  ¥983,610,000 =  ¥$96,722,000 Inventory Turns 5 times a years SPA Brands Average Inventory = Cost of Goods sold =  ¥130,500,000 =  ¥15,294,117.65 Inventory Turns 8.5 times a years Cost to Retail Ratio Problems How to overcome Bargaining power of suppliers- retailers charge high prices for retail space Poor implementation of push (or pull) strategy Inventory Markdowns is second greatest variable expense accounting 24.10% of total Sales staff does not enter shipments into the computer upon receipt How to overcome compromised information accuracy during semi-annual sales

Tim Winton - Belonging Speech Essay Example for Free

Tim Winton Belonging Speech Essay The cause of his alienation appears to be physical and psychological abuse from his father, lack of caring from his school and his run down neglected neighbourhood with its â€Å"deadbeat no hoper†¦ downtrodden house in Longlands Rd, Nowheresville†. | The symbolism and scatological imagery establishes a decaying, decrepit and depressing environment, which reveals Billy’s isolation. Another evocative portrait is the internal monologue in the poem Sport in chapter one. The pain and suffering’ of soulless tyranny endured by Billy, from the old bastard his father. This technique of expletive language is used to depict the poor relationship he shared with his father he gave me one backhander I felt the blood† and his attitude toward the world hes living in. This is the first pivotal event that Billy retells, which initially demonstrates the change in his identity and belonging. | Later in the book Billy catches a train. He is uncertain where the train will take him. Herrick engages the reader with Billy’s significantly violent memory of his father with the forces of a fathers punch. The metaphoric terms further reveal Billys harsh living environment he is seeking to escape.   Ernies train whistle in the poem â€Å"Another crossing† symbolises the beginning of Billys new life contrasted favourably by Ernie’s ‘not bossing you around’ where Herrick uses the technique of multiple perspective. His next positive role model is Irene, Bendarat’s Librarian, who welcomes him and encourages him to borrow b ooks. | These two characters are used by Herrick to enrich Billy’s moral parameters and direct him in his notion of identity allowing him to reach his sense of belonging. Herrick induces us to feel empathy rather than antagonism to the protagonist. This is accomplished through the intimate use of language, changing perspectives and personal anecdotes. | Growth in maturity is shown as both Billy and Old Bill show signs of growth as they help each other. Billys growth is demonstrated as he becomes a different individual from the beginning of the narrative poem showing positive thinking â€Å"sure theres hope in the world even for hobos like us. | Herrick also represents this change through his use of natural imagery and pathetic fallacy; exemplified in the poem â€Å"Hobos like us†, â€Å"Sit in the sunshine†. Old Bill’s view of the world slowly starts to change, as the protagonist reduces his consumption of alcohol and ventures to move on with his life. This is done through Herrick’s use of Motif throughout the novel of Old Bills alcoholic nature. | While Old Bill demonstrates the symbolism of A Simple Gift when he gave his keys to his old home to Caitlin and Billy symbolizing his final pivotal moment enriching Billy’s, Caitlin’s and Old Bill’s understanding of their identity, which leads to their understanding of where they belong in the world. | Tim Winton’s â€Å"The Turning† also explores this value of events that shape a persons identity and hence their sense of belonging in their world. The short story â€Å"The Turning† tells the narrative of Raelene, which reveals the notion as grand paradox, where small lives are contrasted by the immense grand scale of the world. | The use of significant events in the life of Raelene enriches her understanding of her identity and through this allows her to discover where she belongs in the world. | The character of Raelene is in an abusive relationship where she feels she is isolated from the world around her. This is exemplified by the quote â€Å"when Rae laughed at him he clouted her in front of the kids†. The colloquial language and sparse imagery allows the reader to understand Raelene’s lack of belonging. | The use of colloquialisms is repeated throughout the text, and is rich and powerfully inventive in demonstrating to the reader values of Australian society, and more specifically, values of belonging and not belonging in an Australian context. | Later in the text Raelene finds solace in meeting a couple whose relationship is affirmed on values of faith and spirituality. The juxtaposition of this relationship with her current spouse allows Raelene to discover who she really is. | Winton utilizes religious connotations and motifs in order to demonstrate this, as shown through the quote, â€Å"she has something specialâ€Å" whilst ‘Christ is holding his heart†. The use of religious intertextuality is also clear in that Winton describes the presence of a higher, spiritual power in the line â€Å"Deep down Rae sensed that she wanted something from them. †| Raelene then reflects on her newly enriched identity, as demonstrated through the motif of the snow globe. Within this globe is a symbol of her new-found religious faith, Jesus Christ. The holy figure becomes central to Raelene’s discovery of where she belongs in the world. | This is exemplified by Winton’s utilization of religious references, assonance and metaphor in the quote ‘snowed birds as the van rocked, birds like stars. ’ Through close reference to The Turning it is clear to see Tim Winton has skillfully crafted a text, which strongly demonstrates the influence of significant events on an individual’s discovery of identity, which is then revealed to allow the individual to discover where they belong in the world. |

Using Technology for Sustainable Strategic Advantage

Using Technology for Sustainable Strategic Advantage Author: Stephen Walsh For the purpose of this paper a review of current technology has been carried out in response to the question of technology providing little or no sustainable strategic advantage. In the last twenty years or so the digital revolution has transformed the way business carries out commerce in the developing world, whether on the ground or online, commerce has increased dramatically and technology has unquestionably facilitated that growth. Over ten years ago in 2003 author Nicholas Carr published a widely discussed article in the Harvard Business Review titled (Carr, 2003) IT doesnt matter. In the article Nicholas argued that the opportunities for gaining IT based advantages were receding. Best practices were built into software or otherwise replicated and as for IT encouraged industry transformations most of the ones that were going to happen had already happened or were in the process of happening. Carr argued that IT is like other infrastructure technologies that lost their competiti ve potential once they became accessible and affordable to all. Has technology enabled business decision makers to gain strategic advantage over competitors in light of the developments in technology of the last number of years. The following paragraphs will look at recent trends in technology and whether these trends can provide a sustainable strategic advantage going forward to decision makers. The attainment of strategic sustainable advantage from technology is immensely important to small and medium sized business and large organisations, in 2017 there is a myriad of ways in utilising technology and in particular information systems technology to improve business operations. Organisations can employ information systems to fundamentally shift the cost of doing business (Booth, 2011) or reduce the costs of business processes and or lower the costs of customers or suppliers, i.e. using online business to consumer business to business models and e-procurement systems to reduce operating costs. An example of a business to business model is an Irish start up by the name of Bullet HQ which is aiming to disrupt the accountancy marketplace with its online accounting and payroll software targeted at small and medium enterprises in Ireland. Eighty percent of companies in Ireland are SMEs with four staff or less and this software is tailored to business owners for the purpose of doi ng their books, payroll and all tax returns thus enabling them the time to run other business practices related to their operation and replaces the expense of hiring an accountant. This platform used by Bullet HQ is employing cloud technology which has become a great shift in the way business organisations manage their IT operations. The arrival of Software as a Service (SaaS) applications allow business organisations to run a virtual business in which business functions are outsourced to cloud services. (SaaS) applications have emerged as one of the advanced technologies utilising cloud computing and has great potential for the strategic management of IT technology in dynamic business environments. As the global economy has crept back from recession it has become paramount to organisations to reduce risks and assure safe returns for their investments. Most companies are now trying to find ways of reducing their operation and productions costs and reducing IT costs are part of it. Companies have started to find solutions to operate their information systems on a pay-as-you-go basis instead of investing huge amounts of funding in IT infrastructure and this has b ecome possible with the recent developments in cloud computing. With software-as-a-service models companies only need to pay for what is used and can adjust service agreements as IT requirements increase or fall over time. (Gartner, 2012) Has stated worldwide software-as-a-service revenue was forecast to reach 14.5 billion dollars in 2012. (SaaS) distribution will experience healthy growth through 2017, when worldwide revenue is projected to reach 40 billion dollars. Traditionally implementing business information systems is a major undertaking for business in that it can cost a significant amount of money for organisations small or large. Organisations need to hire IT consultants and IT professionals to deploy solutions with their current systems and data needs. The requirements for the timeframe, budget and human resource for the implementation of these business solutions pose a significant risk for organisations. The on demand model of software-as-a-service removes the typical re quirements related to traditional software delivery models. (SaaS) applications can be accessed anytime from any personal computer or device with an internet connection. Strategic benefits such as high adoption rates, lower initial costs, updates and provider managed upgrades, and seamless integration with existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems makes software-as-a-service as a major differentiator in the IT services management market. A study by International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, 2014) highlighted that software-as-a-service helps enterprises with the highest level of (SaaS) adoption to have strategic advantages by providing differentiation in enterprise efficiency, deeper collaboration, better decision making and market agility. The Internet of things (IoT) sensors plus actuators connected by networks to computing systems is not a futuristic trend but it is here now and has received enormous attention over the last five years. A report by Mckinsey states that internet of things has a potential economic impact of 3.9 trillion dollars to 11.1 trillion dollars a year by 2025. (IoT) is crafting a new world, a calculable world where people and business can manage assets in a better informed way and make more timely and informed decisions about what they want or need to do. This new connected world will bring massive changes to consumers and society as a whole. For the first time ever the mobile phone will no longer be the most common device used to connect people to the internet it will be cars, home appliances, industries, cities and wearables. It is expected by 2020 that there will be 28 billion connected devices worldwide with more than half being internet of things devices. As all these things are connected n ew opportunities will arise for industries, cities and organisations. Current examples of internet of things technology include connected smart buildings whereby the Ericsson group implemented solutions to assist facility managers in space utilization, space management, the planning of maintenance based on usage, temperature control, air quality and ventilation optimization thus in turn providing optimised funding channels. A large range of new technologies is emerging that enable new value and capabilities for connecting the next new (IoT) device to a new generation of analytics and applications. From a business strategic perspective internet of things represents an opportunity to collect real time information about every physical operation of an organisation. Internet of things sensors can transport information real time and transform raw (IoT) data into business and operational insights using effective data analytics. Assets equipped with sensors give an information system the ca pability to communicate, capture and process data and in turn that will create massive opportunities in distribution, innovation and production efficiency. (Jacques Bughin, n.d.) states that business to business applications will account for almost seventy percent of the value that is estimated will flow from (IoT) in the next ten years. Nearly 5 trillion dollars would be generated almost exclusively in business to business settings i.e. factories, agriculture, healthcare environments, mining, gas and oil, construction and office settings. Here in Ireland there has been many developments in the internet of things sphere, (Kennedy, n.d.) Crossmolina in Co.Mayo will be the first town in Ireland to implement a smart lighting system, the US technology firm Silver Spring whose tech manages over 23 million devices in cities around the world has deployed an internet of things platform for Mayo County Council for smart street illumination and also a residential energy efficient project for the council with the project been part funded by the Sustainable Energy Authority Of Ireland (SEAI). Peter Mcloughlin, executive engineer of Mayo County Council has stated that the technology enhances the councils objective off reducing energy usage, reducing cost and reducing C02 emissions and also increases the capacity of the community to relate with and understand their energy use. Another development is the rollout out nationwide of a Sigfox platform across Ireland by the the Irish startup VT Networks. Sigfox is an internet of things network that uses low power, wide area communications to connect up devices from smart meters, smoke alarms, interactive billboards and robots. VT is targeting Irish business with services that include home solutions, smart metering, smoke alarms, security sensors and security sensors on gates for farmers, machine monitoring devices and recovery and tracking of stolen farm items. The internet of things revolution will have a range of aids for dealing with health related issues, especially prolonged health issues that use up resources in Irish Hospitals. A project currently being tested using internet of things technology is a project by North East Doctor on Call to enable paramedics to see patients and enable remote diagnosis by GPs and consultants along with the use of internet of things sensors in the home. On the research front academic and industrial partnerships led by research groups such as Tyndall, CRANN, Connect, Insight, TSSG and Adapt have put Ireland on the world centre stage for internet of things breakthroughs. The previous paragraphs have given an overview of currently technological trends and it is clear that these trends are here to stay and in terms of providing a sustainable strategic advantage these technologies will provide long-term advantages to business going forward. The principal means of utilising these technologies for business decision makers is to be innovative in their thinking. It is vital for business people to understand the use of information technology and in order to stay ahead of the competition they should work with technical people to achieve this, by working with an IT consultant small business owners across Ireland for example can gain an advantage on competition by implementing streamlined processes to their business resulting in profitability, higher revenue growth and productivity growth. An information technology consultant will provide excellent guidance in helping a business gain an advantage over competitors. One of the ways the consultant would do this is by using (Porter, 1985) Michael Porters five forces model, looking at the rivalry of competitors within the clients industry, by looking at the threat of new entrants within the clients industry, the threat posed by substitute products which might capture market share, the bargaining power of customers and the bargaining power of suppliers. By analysing these five competitive forces and consultant can then implement a strategy to counter these forces, A business must develop and implement strategies to effectively counter the above five competitive forces. (OBrien, 2011) suggest that organisations can follow one of five basic competitive strategies, which are based on Porters three generic strategies of broad cost leadership, broad differentiation, and focused strategy. The five competitive strategies are: cost leadership, differentiation, innovation, growth, and alliance. The following conveys how Information systems could be a critical enabler of these five competitive strategies , 1. Cost Leadership: Organisations can use information systems to fundamentally shift the cost of doing business (Booth, Roberts Sikes 2011) or reduce the costs of business processes or/and to lower the costs of customers or suppliers, i.e., using online business to consumer business to business models, e-procurement systems to reduce operating costs 2. Differentiation: Organisations can use information systems to develop differentiated features or/and to reduce competitors differentiation advantages, i.e., using online live chatting systems and social networks to better understand and serve customers; using technology to create informediariesÂÂ   to offer value-added service and improve customers stickiness to your web site/business(Booth, Roberts, and Sikes 2011); applying advanced and established measures for online operations to offline practices (i.e., more accurate and systematic ways of measuring efficiency and effectiveness of advertising) (Manyika, 2009) 3. Innovation: Organisations can use information systems to identify and create (or assist in creating) new products and services or/and to develop new/niche markets or/and to radically change business processes via automation (i.e., using digital modelling and simulation of product design to reduce the time and cost to the market (Chui, 2011). They also can work on new initiatives of establishing pure online businesses/operations. At the same time, the Internet and telecommunications networks provide better capabilities and opportunities for innovation. Combinational innovation and Open innovation are two good examples. There are a large number of component parts on the networks that are very expensive or extremely different before the establishment of the networks, and organisations could combine or recombine components/parts on the networks to create new innovations (Manyika 2009). Meanwhile everyone is connected via personal computers, laptops and other mobile devices through cab led Internet or wireless networks or mobile networks, there are plenty of opportunities to co-create with customers, external partners and internal people. 4. Growth (including mergers and acquisitions): Organisations can use information systems to expand domestic and international operations or/and to diversify and integrate into other products and services, i.e., establishing global intranet and global operation platform; establishing omni channel strategy to gain growth (omni channel strategy looks at leveraging advantages of both online (or digital) and offline (or non-digital) channels) (Rigby, 2011). 5. Strategic Alliance: Organisations can use information systems to create and enhance relations with partners via applications, such as developing virtual organisations and inter-organisational information systems. To conclude, the potential to use technology for sustainable strategic advantage is evident and by innovative thinking it can be realised with the correct technological tools and strategies. Technology will undoubtedly change the way commerce is carried out and information systems combined with technology will improve business processes and living standards going forward. It is the job of the information systems practitioner to always be aware of developing technologies and make use of them to improve business needs and to find solutions to business problems and also look at the possibility of developing the applications (SaaS) or otherwise needed to solve these issues. Additionally information systems by itself or in conjunction with internet of things could be used strategically to improve not only business processes but human lives by utilising (IoT) technology and information systems to build out platforms for concerns surrounding health and climate change issues. References Booth, A. R. (2011). How strong is your IT strategy? McKinsey on Business Technology. Carr, N. G. (2003, May). https://hbr.org/2003/05/it-doesnt-matter. Retrieved from Harvard Business View. Chui, M. . (2011). Inside P Gs digital revolution. McKinsey Quarterly. Gartner. (2012). Forecast: Software as a Service, All Regions, 2010-2015. IBM. (2014). Champions of Software as a Service: How (SaaS) is fueling. Jacques Bughin, M. C. (n.d.). http://www.mckinsey.com. Kennedy, J. (n.d.). www.siliconrebublic.com. Manyika. (2009). Hal Varian on how the Web challenges managers. OBrien, J. A. (2011). Management Information Systems. McGrawHill,. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage : creating and sustaining superior performance. New York : Free Press, . Rigby, D. (2011). The Future of Shopping. Harvard Business Review.

Cleveland Not Cleaveland :: History, City Life

Cleveland, Ohio wasn’t always what it appears to be today. Cleveland is a very progressive culturally diverse city. It is steeped in history and culture and its residents have had a great impact on American culture and the way we live today. Cleveland is nothing but exciting. Cleveland is filled with great structure, history, and has wonderful attractions. Cleveland is an extraordinary city. Cleveland contains one of the oldest neighborhoods and has some very interesting ones at that. The Tremont neighborhood is one of Cleveland’s oldest and most historic neighborhoods. â€Å"Tremont is known for its numerous and varied restaurants† (Mitchell, â€Å"Tremont Neighborhood† 1). The â€Å"St. Augustine’s Catholic Church† is located in the Tremont neighborhood and is of Victorian Architecture. The â€Å"St. Johns Cantius is favored by the polish community and is also located in Tremont neighborhood (Mitchell, â€Å"Tremont Neighborhood† 2). Tremont can be exciting. Throughout the year, a variety of events take place in Tremont, such as, monthly art walks, Taste of Tremont Festival, Tremont Art and Cultural Festival, Church of the Assumptions Greek Festival, and the St. John Polish Festival. Another great neighborhood in Cleveland is North Coast Harbor. Lake Erie is simply beautiful. Lake Erie is u sed for recreational activities (Mitchell, â€Å"Best Things About Living In Cleveland† 1). There are two trolleys downtown. There are two lines for the trolleys (Mitchell, â€Å"Get on Board the New RTA Downtown Trolleys† 1). Cleveland is an awesome city to live in and is very diverse. Cleveland has a long and rich history. Cleveland was founded in 1796 (â€Å"Cleveland† 161). The first steamboat on Lake Erie was used for trade during the 1820’s. John d. Rockefeller started the Standard Oil Company during the 1860’s (â€Å"Cleveland, Ohio† 1). During the Civil War, Cleveland was part of the underground railroad (Usa Cities Online† 3). Cleveland is the world’s first city to be electrically lighted in 1879 (â€Å"Ohio Facts and Trivia† 3). America’s first traffic light was in Cleveland on August 5th, 1914 (Ohio Facts and Trivia1). The Cleveland Orchestra was founded in 1918 (Gale 172). The Cleveland clinic is one of the best hospitals in the United States. â€Å"The Cleveland clinic was established in 1921 by three WWI surgeons George Washington Crile, Frank Bunts, and William Lower (Mitchell, â€Å"About The Cleveland Clinic† 1). In Cleveland Harbor, The U.S.S. Cod is a WWII submarine in which visitors c an climb in (Pearson 2). It also contains aspects of what Cleveland’s society is today.

Universalizability and Philippine Supreme Court Cases :: Criminal Justice

Universalizability and Philippine Supreme Court Cases ABSTRACT: The requirement that legal reasoning be universalizable is so unquestioned as a legal doctrine that it is practically axiomatic. Recently, two Philippine Supreme Court cases have been decided in a manner that apparently dispenses with this requirement. I discuss these two cases in the light of the requirement. I conclude that the requirement, rather than being diminished by the two cases, has actually maintained its axiomatic status on the basis that the reasoning in the two cases is deficient: the first either for inequality in treatment or for lack of clear guidance, and the second for the failure to appear impartial. The requirement that judicial reasoning be universalizable, that the justifying reasons for a decision are to be articulated or at least must be capable of being articulated in the form of a universal norm under which the facts of the case are to be subsumed so as to entail logically the decision, (1) is an acknowledged formal legal principle indispensable to any sound theory of adjudication. Recently, two Philippine Supreme Court Decisions, Alonzo v. IAC (2) and Marcos v. Manglapus, (3) challenged the very indispensability of such a requirement. This paper will discuss the interaction between and effects of these two decisions on the requirement of universalizability, by determining whether the requirement is indeed seriously challenged by the two cases and, conversely, by assessing and analyzing these two cases in terms of the requirement. These two decisions resolved the issues in the two cases by creating exceptions for the unique circumstances attendant to the cases, thus apparently dispensing with the requirement. In particular, the Alonzo case held: "In fact, and this should be clearly stressed, we ourselves are not abandoning the Cojenero and Buttle doctrines. What we are doing is adopting an exception to the general rule, in view of the particular circumstances of the case." (4) In the Marcos case, reference was made to the special circumstances involving President Marcos thus: "This case is unique. It should not create a precedent, for the case of a dictator forced out of office and into exile after causing twenty years of political, economic and social havoc in the country and within the short space of three years seeks to return, is in a class by itself." (5) In discussing the interaction between and effects of these two decisions on the requirement of universalizability, the paper will first briefly explain the rationale behind the requirement. Universalizability and Philippine Supreme Court Cases :: Criminal Justice Universalizability and Philippine Supreme Court Cases ABSTRACT: The requirement that legal reasoning be universalizable is so unquestioned as a legal doctrine that it is practically axiomatic. Recently, two Philippine Supreme Court cases have been decided in a manner that apparently dispenses with this requirement. I discuss these two cases in the light of the requirement. I conclude that the requirement, rather than being diminished by the two cases, has actually maintained its axiomatic status on the basis that the reasoning in the two cases is deficient: the first either for inequality in treatment or for lack of clear guidance, and the second for the failure to appear impartial. The requirement that judicial reasoning be universalizable, that the justifying reasons for a decision are to be articulated or at least must be capable of being articulated in the form of a universal norm under which the facts of the case are to be subsumed so as to entail logically the decision, (1) is an acknowledged formal legal principle indispensable to any sound theory of adjudication. Recently, two Philippine Supreme Court Decisions, Alonzo v. IAC (2) and Marcos v. Manglapus, (3) challenged the very indispensability of such a requirement. This paper will discuss the interaction between and effects of these two decisions on the requirement of universalizability, by determining whether the requirement is indeed seriously challenged by the two cases and, conversely, by assessing and analyzing these two cases in terms of the requirement. These two decisions resolved the issues in the two cases by creating exceptions for the unique circumstances attendant to the cases, thus apparently dispensing with the requirement. In particular, the Alonzo case held: "In fact, and this should be clearly stressed, we ourselves are not abandoning the Cojenero and Buttle doctrines. What we are doing is adopting an exception to the general rule, in view of the particular circumstances of the case." (4) In the Marcos case, reference was made to the special circumstances involving President Marcos thus: "This case is unique. It should not create a precedent, for the case of a dictator forced out of office and into exile after causing twenty years of political, economic and social havoc in the country and within the short space of three years seeks to return, is in a class by itself." (5) In discussing the interaction between and effects of these two decisions on the requirement of universalizability, the paper will first briefly explain the rationale behind the requirement.

Formal Commentary On One Hundred Years Of Solitude :: essays research papers

Formal Commentary How does Garcia Mà ¡rquez use imagery to create the dramatic situation of Prudencio’s Death?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The image of conflict which Garcia Mà ¡rquez draws, is only a beginning to an endless struggle in the Buendà ­a family. Garcia Mà ¡rquez creates this passage, not only as a Genesis, but as a way to warn the reader of the fate of the Buendà ­a name. After finishing this passage, I was left not with a feeling of closure, but with a feeling of lingering doubt and wonder. Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a seeks closure himself because of rumors of being impotent. This rumor starts because of the Buendà ­a curse, the pig’s tail. I realized this was only the first of many following conflicts, when Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a attempts to resolve the situation by killing Prudencio Aguilar. But Prudencio doesn’t die. He lives on, and haunts Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a until he is forced to leave for Macondo. Garcia Mà ¡rquez creates a Genesis in the novel by the murder of Prudencio Aguilar. This important passage in the beginning of the book brings about its point through excellent uses of diction and word choice. Words like â€Å"tormented† and â€Å"desolation† paint a vivid picture in my mind. The vast majority of adjectives and adverbs lack happiness and overflow with conflict. â€Å"Livid†, â€Å"sad†, â€Å"anxiety†, are only three of these descriptive words, which Garcia Marquez uses to paint this small image in my mind. Anxiety, to me is not only a pain but an endless pain. Suffering which lasts indefinitely. This new indefinite pain brought into the Buendà ­a family by this passage, like anxiety, continues. The dramatic situation in this passage brings about a continual plague of death and conflict.

Absenteeism 3

Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Background of the Study A child or student’s interest is the most basic element that makes a group learning system work in an organize way. From the head to the base members of this organization, the condition of one may affect the others. This kind of educational system is comparable to a series light connection where in the state of one greatly affects the others. Population and the percentage within that population which causes negative feedbacks can be the primary reason of a poor product. The group or classroom type of organized way of learning has given that impact to the community being the commonly used system. Its effectiveness has been proven and has never been out of fashion. The relationship between the student’s physical presence on class discussions and their learning performance are greatly relative. Class participation is just one way of measuring a child’s learning ability. In a class, the teacher-student relationship is one of the most fundamental units in student’s learning. Learning in a system of group collaboration is one of the best ways in gaining knowledge. It is a teamwork which the framework relies on an individual learning from the others and others learning from that individual. When a student misses a day of school he/she must have lost the chance to hear others, interpret and analyzing the lessons or joins the interaction within the class. This lost is being rooted to two different courses and varying factors under these courses. The inquiry might be a family situation or an individual problem. Then, under these courses are the factors that contribute to a child’s regular truancy. These may be finance concerns, disability, psychotic imbalance, poor school climate, family health, transportation problems, drug and alcohol use, and differing community attitude towards education (Savers, D. etal,2005). Absenteeism in one angle view point is one of the most common causes of degrading performances of the students. Especially to those who are included in the advance intelligence curriculum, absenteeism causes a great lose and may result to giving up an aimed position. It can also cause social repletion especially when a class is composed of a great number of students. This habit can cause a dilemma to the school administration when big figures are involve and may decrease the school’s performance. On the other hand, contamination of sickness and disease can be avoidable because of the absences of a person (Marbuger, D. , 2001) A student’s attendance may be the grounds of the results of his or her learning performance. School administration and faculty may also affect the absenteeism rate of their student, and so as the population of those who practice absenteeism affect the administration and the school itself. There are so many fruits that the root of absenteeism can produce depending to the situation of the respondent. Hence, this research will be conducted. Review of Related Literature There are a lot of factors which affect the student performances in academic areas. One of these is absenteeism. Absenteeism is defined to the students as a deliberate or habitual absence from going to school. Everybody misses a day of school activities and school lessons now and then. But it is a problem if the students will absent to many days in going to school, this will cause serious problems (http://www. enterpreneur. com/encyclopedia/term/82042. html). Absenteeism in students affects their school performances especially when they are in a group or teamwork for their assignments and projects. Since grouping will help develops the students’ cooperative and ability to share and gain knowledge from their group mates, likewise, the group mates will also miss the opportunity of gaining knowledge from the absent student (Koppenhaver, 2003). According to Schmidt in 1983, absenteeism affects the students’ ability to get high scores in examinations which can cause the decreasing of grades or the student may fail and will cause him/her to repeat the same year level. Students who have spent time attending lectures or classes have a significant, positive effect on students’ performance. Students that participated exhibited higher grades and scores in examinations that the student. Marburger states that the difficulty inferring the effect of absenteeism on erformance because, once a student is absent in a class, he or she may miss the opportunity of learning other techniques. He found out that missing in class progresses the likelihood of missing examination material covered that day compared to the students who were present in the class (2001). It indicates that persistent absentees at an inner-city school in South Wales had significantly lower self concept self-esteem, more deprived socioeconomic backgrounds, l ower intelligence level, and more educational problems to control groups. Suggest that remedial measures for absenteeism should focus on raising self-concepts and changing attitudes toward school (Reid k, 1982). Absenteeism is the most significant factor to affect the functioning of assembly lines in the development of School Administration. Those high levels of absenteeism have negative repression colleagues’ effect to the production of quality levels of well trained students because of work specialization. The analysis of hundred absentees reveals hundred of instances of negative effect of building well discipline students for the future. In contrast to the empirical evidence it confirms that absenteeism produce higher level of problems, that value specialization among student has been significant reduced in the students’ achievements (Mateo R, 1998). Students’ contracts influence teacher attendance from the classroom. The teachers’ attendance has a positive and negative effect on interested students achieve. How students absences influences their teachers’-students’ relationship. Teacher and student absenteeism affect the student test score performance base on extensive data collection effect, conducted by authors. It presents an economic analysis using data from over 700 school district in New York State 1986-1987. It includes that provisions plays a big rule like (the number of unused leave day by teacher will accumulate and â€Å"cash in† at retirement may simultaneously bathetic in teachers and student (Pitkoff, 19903). Teachers who maid and received low performance making tend to miss a larger number of days than those who did not. Teachers with marks do not feel a connection to the workplace and believe they are ineffective in the classroom. This gives an impetus for school administration to develop teachers’ growth plan early in the academic years for low performing teachers than the later in year (Pitkoff, 1993). To prevent and correct serious attendance problems, schools need to change the way they structured improves the quality of the courses and intensity interpersonal relationship between teachers and students (Epstein and Sheldon, 2002). School refusal behavior is a term synonymously used with absenteeism. Classifications of this are the following manifestation: social phobia, school phobia, anxiety and/or depression and truancy (Daleidan et. l, 1999). Of all these manifestations, truancy is one that presents a diversity of issues of interest to school personnel while the others need medical or counseling interventions (Williams, 1998) The organizational structures and culture of a school setting contributes to how students experience the system. School characteristics and culture can influence student abs enteeism (Epstein and Sheldon, 2002). Perhaps organizational school structures endorse reward particular peer groups while ignoring the others. If so, peer identity becomes relevant in schools as the values, attitudes and beliefs held within the peer groups predispose those in the group to endorse or reject the mission of schools. Haris(1996) claims that peer groups are more powerful than parents in changing the values of an individual. The teenagers class themselves out into peer groups varying in their attitudes towards intellectual achievement and can even find anti-intellectual groups in middle class neighborhoods and if this is the case, the choice of peer group could have an effect upon the academic outcome of a student thus, causing absenteeism (Hartnett, 2008). The curriculum of schools and strength of approval against the habitual absenteeism are also cited as contributing causes to the problem. It was cited by some students as a reason for non-attendance the lack of challenging and interesting course work and curriculum (Kilpatric, et. al, 1999). Students also cited that negative self-image and low self-esteem are reasons for absenteeism. The negative self-images are sometimes resulting of labeling and tracking within the school system (Lotz and Lee, 1999). According to Lotz and Lee that mostly of the adolescents today receive less supervision than in the past (1999). The contributing factors to chronic absenteeism involve parental and school-based responsibility. In many cases, parents actually condone the absence by ignoring excuses when no valid reason from school (Kilpatrick, et. al, 1996). A study presents by Unger,Morton and Laing (1997) presents the argument that students who participate in cooperative experiences, even the cause for this occurrence is not conclusive. Students who already exhibit absenteeism might be interesting to the programs that primarily caused the students to leave school thus more day of non-attendance. Students might disassociate themselves more from the school setting since they are experiencing the world of work. They may have access to their own transportation and find easier to be absent. This view regarding length of the school day, implementations of Blocks Scheduling with few and longer periods when compared to a seven period day with shorter periods appear to reduce absenteeism. Thus school systems implement the six or seven period day of a higher rate experiencing absenteeism (Khazzaka, 1997/1998). Birman and Natriello (1978) categorized in possible explanations for absenteeism into three categories. The most common were the students’ lack of adequate socialization and ignorance of appropriate behavior. The second group of explanations, the school-level group, was primarily concerned with peer pressure and school organizational patterns and their adverse effects. The authors labeled the third group societal-level explanations. These included changing social mores and community values. According to Louie F. Rodriguez and Gilberto Q. Conchas, â€Å"this case study explores how a community-based truancy prevention program mediates against absenteeism, truancy, and dropping out and positively transforms the lives of Black and Latina/Latino middle school youth. Findings suggest that community-school partnerships are critical in the quest to combat truancy and the alarming dropout rate among urban youth. This study also shows how committed individuals can work to engage and empower low-income urban youth who are disengaged from school. Extensive interviews and observations with Latina/Latino and Black youth demonstrate how the intervention program mediates against social and academic failure. Using grounded theory, this article explores four student-identified dimensions that impact his/her (re)engagement with school: (a) the importance of space that promotes peer relations, (b) incentive structures within programs, (c) the need for social networks, and (d) youth advocacy as a mechanism for institutional accountability. Implications for combating truancy, reducing dropout, and promoting student engagement are discussed. Reprinted by permission of the publisher†(2009). â€Å"A case study involving an ethnographic assessment of adult English as a second language program at a community center in southern Minnesota is outlined. Findings revealed that additional curricular structure and more effective communication between teachers and students regarding content and outcomes were keys to reducing absenteeism and those more attentive, respectful estimations of students' abilities would ensure effective communication and help students develop a sense of ownership in their learning† according to the study of Susan L. Schalge and Kay Soga (2008). According to the study of Dube, Shanta R and Orpinas, Pamela, they investigated the negative and positive behavioral reinforcement profiles of behavior related to excessive absenteeism. â€Å"Negative reinforcement involves avoidance, and positive reinforcement involves gaining parental attention or getting tangible benefits from not attending. Data on school refusal behavior were obtained from 99 upper-elementary and middle school students referred for attendance problems. Three profiles were identified: 17. 2 percent of participants attributed absenteeism to both positive and negative reinforcement; 60. percent attributed absenteeism only to positive reinforcement; and 22. 2 percent had no profile. Findings revealed that the three groups differed considerably in mean scores for behavioral difficulties: participants from the multiple profile groups had the highest level of behavioral problems, while participants from the no-profile group had the lowest. †(2009). The British J ournal of Educational Psychology states â€Å"lack of adjustment or school failure is a concern to educators, educational and school psychologists as well as parents, but few studies have focused on school adjustment during late adolescence. Moreover, studies have yet to explore associations between parenting and school adjustment among upper secondary school students. Aim the primary objective of this study is to explore the relative and unique influence of parental support, behavioral control and psychological control (overprotection and autonomy granting) in school adjustment among upper secondary school students. The sample consisted of 564 students (15-18 years of age) in vocational and general educational courses from one upper secondary school in western Norway. The results showed that perceived parental practices accounted for moderate, but statistically significant amounts of variance in different aspects of school adjustment. The findings indicate that perceived parental socialization practices are only moderately associated with school adjustment among upper secondary school students. This probably reflects the fact that the influence of specific parenting practices declines as children and young adolescents mature into late adolescent students†(2009). The study of M. Scott Norton about the ABSENTEEISM AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT in the year of 2009 â€Å"the rate of teacher absenteeism has been found to be highest in elementary schools, schools with lower student achievement, schools composed of economically disadvantaged and minority students, and schools that do not require teachers to speak to their immediate supervisor about pending absence, urban school districts †¦ and districts with enrollments in excess of 257,000. (Pitkoff, p. 39). In schools where students are poorest and failing the most academically, teachers tend to be absent more often. In one study, the percentage of students reading below grade level was found to be the greatest predictor of school employee absenteeism, followed by the percentage of students eligible to receive free lunch (Pitkoff, 1993). Studies relating the direct effects of teacher absenteeism on student achievement are limited and tend to differ in their findings. For example, in a study that focused on fourth-grade reading results, it was determined that teacher absenteeism adversely affected student achievement (Summers & Raivetz, 1982). O'Brien and others (1982) also found negative impacts of teacher absenteeism on student learning. Yet, Ziomek and Schoenberger (1983) were unable to establish such an association. Studies by Madden and others (1991) and by Ehrenberg and others (1991) also did not support the contention that student academic performance was associated with teacher absence. In view of Pitkoff's (1993) finding that school employees rated as unsatisfatory tend to be absent significantly more days than those rated satisfactory, a reasonable conclusion might be that the absence of a â€Å"poor† teacher does not impact negatively on student learning†. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework The student body is the greatest contributor to the success or the ground falling of the school. An individual who have habitually made absences in class may have lost the chance of learning. He or she might have less chances of getting an aimed position. The school who plays an important role to a child’s motivation has known the impact of absenteeism to a student and to the school performance it’s self. The chronic spread of absenteeism may have roots that affect the attendance of an individual. â€Å"A constant doing may lead to a constant result, just like Domino† (Asia Child Data Trend, 2008). Coping up is never easy, especially when there is a lot of work to be done. Some teacher’s are also considerate that slows down the run of class discussion. Absenteeism alone when a large part of the school population is involved may not only cause a problem to the school but also to the local administration (Williams, L. , 2001). The performances being recorded at the diagnostic tests or midterm exams for example will determine the schools performance. And when absences are done, it can pull down even the highest scores. That is why the results of absenteeism are to be identified as so the solutions can be formulated to materialize the aims of the school and the individuals. Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Study Statement of the Problem The study aims to identify the most common effect of absenteeism to a student and the whole body as how the student and teachers specify each. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the teacher and student respondent in terms of: a. Gender b. Age c. Civil status 2. What are the common causes of absences done by the students in terms of: a. Self-Inquiry b. Family Problem 3. What are the effects of absenteeism as grouped according to: a. Students Learning Performance b. School Performance 4. Is there a significant Difference between the perception of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school performance? Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant difference between the perception of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school performance. Ha: There is a significant difference between the perception of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school Significance of the Study In many ways, whether in a tiny scale or in a wide range scale the findings of this research will benefit the following individuals in their own respective fields: The Student. Once an individual will know the impact of his doings, he or she will find ways and means to lessen the damage done. It will let this individual know the scope of his abilities and the right way of directing things especially when he would realize the effect of his habitual absences to the school body. To those students who do not have the knowledge on this aspect, they will be given chance to think, and may join the population which influences the declining of absences ratio. The Teachers. The teachers who serve as the parent when a child is in school will be able to formulate ideas on how to reduce the number of students who skip classes or who habitually commit to absences. They will be the keys of motivation and inspiration of their students. The School Administrator. Knowing the effects of absenteeism to a student, the school administration is the one primarily affected. Their concerns can then be discussed with the student body and so as the student body sharing their troubles to the administration. Through a conference the administration might be able to arrive to solutions which can be applicable o different situations. The DepEd Authorities. The Department of Education main goal is to be able to produce productive citizens of the community. Absenteeism is one of the factors that disturb the stableness of this goal. When the results are evident, the DepEd authorities together with the different school administration may arrive to a step by step planning to kill the rodents of absenteeism. The Parent. The parents are the direct and the baseline in communication in relation to their child’s regular truancy. Knowing the impact of absenteeism to their child’s learning performance, a parent will be at the concerns of convincing their child to attend school and protect them from the primary causes of their absences. Scope and Limitations of the Study The study focuses mainly to the effects of absenteeism to a student’s learning performance and the schools performance as signified by the teachers and students. The respondents are students from Agusan National High school, Third Year Science High Curriculum and the respective teacher’s who still belongs to this scope. This will determine the impacts of absenteeism into an individual and the body where he or she belongs and to arrive to simple solutions on this eye visible dame. The personal information needed for the study is Gender, Age, and cause of absences such as self-inquiry and family problem. The effects of absenteeism o student’s learning and school performances are enumerated in determining the answers of the respondents. Definition of Terms: Absenteeism. The regular truancy of a child; The habit of having absences. Family problem. The problems of the family that greatly affects a student’s attendance to school. This includes financial support (the family can’t afford education or education is not a primary necessity), differing community attitudes towards education (The people that surrounds home and within it education is not given importance), transportation (The family might lived in a very rural community where in transportation cannot easily reach Individual learning performance. The variation on the learning of a student being monitored in different ways e. g. class interaction, test results) Science High School Students. The students belonging to a special curriculum on higher education. Taught advance learning in science and mathematics Self Inquiry. The problems of an individual or a student that affects his attendance to school. Specifically social phobia (don’t have friends), health (always sick), school culture shock (have a hard time coping up, might be that the school is too advance or too slow. , influences from outside the school gates (sees people who cuts classes, Internet and Computer games. ), Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY Research Design The use of survey approach, in particular the utilization of descriptive method was observed in this research study. The use of the certain approach was to that it corresponds to the main objective of this research that is to determine the effect of absenteeism to school and ind ividual learning performances among third year Science High students of Agusan National High School as a basis for a conference dialogue. A survey questionnaire will be istributed that has four sets of questions to be answered by the students and teachers. The quantitative research techniques using Likert scale was used to rate the individual and school performance due to absenteeism. And also frequency test for the cause of it whether it is self inquiry or a family problem. Research Locale There are several High schools in Butuan City where the primary respondents of this research came from, Agusan National High School in fact is the largest high school and also has the biggest population found in this community, therefore it was chosen for the reality that it can determine the impact of absenteeism. The school grounds of this said school is found in A. D. Curato St. corner Noli Me Tangere St. Butuan City, Philippines. And as shown in the map below of Butuan is Area 52(Piepenbrock G. ,2009). The respondents of this study came from Agusan National High School, specifically those who belong to the special curriculum of the Science High School. Briefly this curriculum was established in 1994 by the administrators of the Department of Education Butuan Chapter. The students of the said curriculum are chosen especially to undergo advance learning and the teachers are also given same importance since it was built. The third year students and their teachers in different subject areas will be the respondents of this study Agusan National High School (ANHS) is one of the leading public high school in Butuan City, Philippines. It caters the educational needs of most of the population in the community. The school has produced competent graduates and many of them hold key positions in the community. [pic] Figure 2. The map of Butuan City showing area 52 as Agusan National High school The school is strategically located at the heart of the city. It accommodates almost ten thousand students. It has the biggest population in the whole region Caraga. It is manned by 270 strong and competent teachers from different fields of specialization under the supervision of the Secondary School Principal IV. The students are trained in order for them to face the future. A graduate of this school is expected to be upright in all the aspects in life. Most of all, students are trained in order to live independent life ahead and become a globally competent Filipino. Research Instrument The instruments used in the study are the following: 1. Questionnaire Form. This instrument was structured by the researchers to set up the socio-demographic profile of the student and teacher respondents. The said instrument will be used to determine the gender and age of the respondents. The evidences on the effects of absenteeism to school and individual performances and also its causes whether it would be a self inquiry or family problem were also listed in different sets. 2. Survey Questionnaire for Students and Teachers. This instrument will be used to determine the performances of the student who has frequent absences to his classes and his contribution to school performance. Data Gathering Procedure There will be 14 teachers and 89 students who will serve as the respondents of the study. They will be answering the questions on the survey questionnaire organized and distributed by the researchers. They will be the one to determine the performances of the students who engaged to habitual absences, and its cause. They will be also asked on how this absenteeism affects the school performance. When the task is duly accomplished and the questionnaires were retrieved, processed, tabulated. It will be submitted to the analysis of data. Sampling Techniques The research study made use of the purposive sampling technique. There were 36 students and 14 teachers asked to rate the students learning and school performance. Table 1. Student Population and Respondents of the Study |Sections |Population |Sample | |(Third Year Science High) | | | | |Male |Female |Total |Male |Female |Total | |III-Avogadro |9 |29 |38 |4 |5 |9 | |III-Curie |8 |26 |34 |4 |5 |9 | |III-Dalton |10 |31 |41 |4 |5 |9 | |III-Lavosier |12 |24 |36 |4 |5 |9 | |Total |39 |110 |149 |16 |20 |36 | Table 2. Teacher Population and Respondents of the Study Section |Population |Sample | |(Third Year Science High) | | | | |Male |Female |Total |Male |Female |Total | |III-Avogadro |5 |10 |15 |2 |7 |9 | |III-Curie | | | | | |III-Dalton |1 |2 |3 |0 |1 |1 | |III-Lavosier |4 |2 |6 |3 |1 |4 | |Total |10 |14 |24 |5 |9 |14 | Note: Some teachers handle the same subject in some sections and were not accounted twice. Data Analysis The researchers will hand the survey questionnaires in a manner of strict and proper distribution. The gathered data would undergo careful evaluation and analysis. For the Socio demographic profile, the researchers will make use of corresponding numerical value to present the data as follows: I. Socio Demographic Profile A. Gender Numer ical Value |Gender | |1 |Male | |2 |Female | B. Age (Student Respondent) |Numerical Value |AGE | |1 |13-16 YRS. OLD | |2 |17-20 YRS. OLD | |3 |21-24 YRS. OLD | C. Age (Teacher Respondent) Numerical Value |AGE | |1 |20-29 YRS. OLD | |2 |30-39 YRS. OLD | |3 |40-49 YRS. OLD | |4 |50-59 YRS. OLD | |5 |60-69 YRS. OLD | Civil Status for Teacher Numerical Value |Civil Status | |1 |Single | |2 |Married | |3 |Separated | |4 |Widow | The Likert scale with 5 point rating is used to describe the performance of the students as based in their regular truancy within the given 15 fields and points of learning. The said scale will also be used to determine the effect of absenteeism on the school as how its performance is being described by the respondents. II. Likert Scale |Descriptive Rating |Weight |Scale Interval | |Excellent |5 |4. 50-5. 0 | |Very Good |4 |3. 50-4. 49 | |Good |3 |2. 50-3. 46 | |Fair |2 |1. 50-2. 49 | |Poor |1 |1. 00-1. 49 | Statistical Treatment The following statistics will be used for the data analysis: 1. Mean – The mean is used to determine the general description of the effect of absenteeism to the performances of a student’s learning and school. The mean will ascertain the fields greatly affected by absenteeism as perceived by the student and the teachers. 2. Chi-square (Test of Independence)- The Chi-square test of independence was used as a treatment to this study to verify, if any, a significant difference between the perception of the teachers and students on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school performance. 3. Frequency – The frequency is used to determine the more frequent occurring rate in the different indicators. This will then identify the performing levels of the different indicators on the effect of absenteeism on student learning and school performance. 4. Standard Deviation – The standard deviation is the statistical measure that sheds light on historical volatility of the study which can give a c0omprehensive verbal description to the indicators or factors of the research study. Chapter III ANALYSIS AND RESULTS In this chapter the researchers showed the results and discussions on the results of the study. Specifically it presents the organization on the problem stated in the first chapter. Problem 1. What is the profile of the teacher and student respondent in terms of: Gender, Age, Civil status? Table 3. Respondents According to Gender GENDER |STUDENT |TEACHER | | |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |MALE |16 |44% |5 |36% | |FEMALE |20 |56% |9 |64% | |TOTAL |36 |100% |14 |100% | As shown in Table 3 majority of the student respondents are female which is composed of 2 0 individuals or the 56% of the100%. The table also shows the greater number of females of the teacher respondents which totaled 9 or 64% of the 100%. In further discussions the population of both students and teachers are composed of more female respondents with a fraction corresponding to males number of respondents. Table 4. Student Respondents According to Age |AGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |13-16 YRS. OLD |36 |100% | |17-20 YRS. OLD |0 |0% | |21-24 YRS. OLD |0 |0% | |TOTAL |36 |100% | Table 4 shows that all of the student respondents which is 36 in number belonged to the age bracket of 13-16 years old. This is then interpreted that 100% of the students belong to the Third year of High school that corresponds to the scope of the study. Table 5. Teacher Respondents According to Age |AGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |20-29 YRS. OLD |1 |7% | |30-39 YRS. OLD |5 |36% | |40-49 YRS. OLD |2 |14% | |50-59 YRS. OLD |5 |36% | |60-69 YRS. OLD |1 |7% | |TOTAL |14 |100% | In Table 5 the data shows that most of the teachers belonged to the 30-39 years old bracket and 50-59 years old age bracket. In the following classification, each have 5 respondents or each had 36% of the total population as the research was being conducted. Table 6. Teacher Respondents According to Civil Status CIVIL STATUS |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |SINGLE |3 |21% | |MARRIED |11 |79% | |SEPARATED |0 |0% | |WIDOW |0 |0% | |TOTAL |14 |100% | As being shown in the table above, most of the teacher respondents were married at a population of 11 out of 14 or 79% of the total 100%. The rest of the respondents were classified single which is 3 in number or 21% of the total. Problem 2. What are the common causes of absences done by the students in terms of: Self-Inquiry or Family Problem? Table 7. Primary Cause of a Student’s Truancy as Perceived by the Students and Teachers |CAUSE |STUDENT |TEACHER | | |FREQUENCY |PRRCENTAGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |SELF INQUIRY |21 |58% |6 |43% | |FAMILY PROBLEM |15 |42% |8 |57% | |TOTAL |36 |100% |14 |100% | Self- inquiry is the main reason for a student to make an absence as what is being taken notice by other students that is being certified by Table 7. The resulting calculation shows that 21 students agreed to the fact to the said hindrance or the 58% out of the 100%. The teacher respondents look at the situation in a different angle, and most have agreed that family problem have caused the truancy of their students. Out of 14 respondents, 8 sees that the lack of family support had pushed absenteeism to what it is now. Statistically these 8 respondents compose the 57% of the total 100% population of teacher respondents. According to Williams, the student’s decision on a school based problem will not be taken responsibility by the school or the family. His regular absences will take a part on what he learns and because of some conditions, like social phobia or unsustainable community practice he will have the reason to quit school. Another claim from Haris was to be given attention for as far as his research had shared; he claimed that peer groups are more powerful influences in changing an individual than thy very own parents. And influences like this especially the not so good ones must have been provoking such individual in skipping school. But his research also discussed that there are times that the condition of oneself must be a priority. Sickness can be a factor to a self-inquired reason on absenteeism that must address an urgent action. Furthermore this citation agrees to the side of the student respondents that self-inquiry is a justified reason and adequate enough to be a basis of absences. Other authors, like Hartnett have seen another breakthrough to similar studies such as this. He have witnessed some occasions where in the family itself cannot provide a good education for its younger members. The lack of enthusiasm in some communities towards education has also influenced the attitude of a certain group of people towards educational link, thus absenteeism was observed. This is true to what the teacher respondents have observed in their school. Problem 3. What are the effects of absenteeism as grouped according to: Students Learning and School Performance? Table 8. Effect of Absenteeism to Students Learning Performance as Perceived by Student and Teacher Respondents |Indicators |Student |Teacher | | |Mean |VD | | |Mean | | |Student |Teacher | | |X2c | | | |Student |Teacher | | |Student |2132 |1314 |3446 | |Teachers |1514 |696 |2210 | |TOTAL |3646 |2010 |5656 | 1. ) df = (r-1)(c-1) = (2-1)(2-1) = (1)(1) = 1 Level of Significance = 5% X2t = 3. 84 Expected value: Cell 1:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT = [(3646)(3446)]/ 5656 = (12564116)/ 5656 = 2221. 38 Cell 2:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT = [(2010)(3446)]/5656 = (6926460) = 1224. 62 Cell 3:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT = [(3646)(2210)]/5656 = (8057660)/5656 = 1424. 62 Cell 4:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT = [(2010)(2210)]/5656 = (4442100)/5656 = 785. 38 |Cell |O |E |(|O-E|-0. 5)2 |(|O-E|-0. 5)2 /E | |1 |2132 |2221. 38 |7899. 65 |1. 40 | |2 |1314 |1224. 62 |7899. 65 |1. 0 | |3 |1514 |1424. 62 |7899. 65 |1. 40 | |4 |696 |785. 38 |7899. 65 |1. 40 | | |N= 5656 |N= 5656 | |5. 6 | CONCLUSION: | X2C | | X2t | | 5. 6 | | 3. 84 | 5. 6 ; 3. 84 Reject Ho, Accept Ha There is a significant difference between the perception of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: April Jobeth G. Barrot Age: 15 yrs. old City Address: 241 P-1 Obrero, Butuan City Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte Date of Birth: April 9, 1994 Height: 150 cm Weight: 37 kg Civil Status: Single Religion: Roman Catholic Citizenship: Filipino Contact#: 2257130/09102442074 Fathers Name: Job R. Barrot Age 49 yrs. old Occupation: Seaman Mothers Name: Elizabeth G. Barrot Age: 46 yrs. old Occupation: Pharmacist Brothers Name: Jeb G. BarrotAge: 17 yrs. old Steven Ellie G. BarrotAge: 1 yr. old Frankie Job G. Barrot Age: 1 yr. old Sisters Name: Jobelle Beth G. BarrotAge: 8 yrs. old II. Educational Background Preschool – Child Learning Development School – S. Y. : 1999-2001 Primary Level – Butuan Central Elementary School – S. Y. : 2001-2007 Secondary Level – Agusan National High School – S. Y. : 2007-Present III. Honors, Scholarship and Awards Preschool Kinder I Honors: Best in Math, Best in Filipino, and Best in English Award: Most Neat Kinder II Honors: Best in Math, Best in Science, Best in English, Best in Filipino Award: Most Neat Primary Level Grade 1 Honors: 8th Honors Award: Most Patients Grade 2 Honors: 6th Honors Award: Most Neat Grade 3 Honors: 9th Honors Award: Most Neat Grade 4 Honors: 14th Honors Award: Most Clean Grade 5 Honors: 8th Honors Awards: Dancer of the Year and Most Cooperative Grade 6 Honors: 6th Honors Awards: Most Industrious, 1st in Katutubong Sayaw, Cheer dance Competition (Champion), Outstanding Pupil Government Officers, Outstanding Choir Member and Outstanding Dance Troupe Members Secondary Level 1st Year Level Honor: 9th Honors 2nd Year Level Honor: 5th Honors IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School Senior/Cadet Scouts Conference, August 15, 2009, at GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City Chief Girl Scout Medal Scheme Orientation and Workshop at GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City, July 25, 2009 Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and Technology, February 6, 2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: Raniana Cabonce Valencia Age: 15 yrs. old Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte Date of Birth: July 3, 1994 Height: 145 cm Weight: 35 kg Civil Status: Single Religion: Roman Catholic Citizenship: Filipino Fathers Name: Robert G. Valencia Occupation:Poultry Raiser Mothers Name: Rosario C. Valencia Occupation: High School Teacher II. EducationAL bACKGROUND Primary Level – Butuan Central Elementary School – S. Y. : 2001-2007 Secondary Level – Agusan National High School – S. Y. : 2007-Present III. Honors, Scholarship and Awards Preschool 2nd Honors Outstanding Pupil Best in Writing Best in Math 2nd Place Spelling Bee Primary Level Grade 1 Honors: 9th Honors Grade 2 Honors: 6th Honors Grade 3 Honors: 4th Honors Grade 4 Honors: 6th Honors Grade 5 Honors: 3rd Honors Award: 1st Place Filipino Quiz Bee Grade 6 Honors: 2nd Honorable Mention Awards: 3rd Place in Napkin Folding -5th Place Investigatory Project -6th Place Editorial Cartooning – Outstanding Choir Member Secondary Level 1st Year Level Honor: 1st Honors Award: APEC 2008 Academy Award First Place – 3rd Place Essay Writing 2nd Year Level Honor: 10th Honors IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School School Press Conference, Butuan Central Elem. School, Butuan City, S. Y. 2007-2008 Symposiums, Agusan National High School, Butuan City, S. Y. 2008-2009 Red Cross Youth Seminar, Agusan National High School, February 13, 2009 School Disaster Management: First Aid Training, Ausan National High School, September 11-12, 2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: Gea Anne I. Makinano Age: 15 yrs. old City Address: P-6 Brgy. 16, Ong Yu, Butuan City Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte Date of Birth: October 12, 1994 Height: 151 cm Weight: 39 kg Civil Status: Single Religion: Roman Catholic Citizenship: Filipino Fathers Name: Felixberto L. Makinano Occupation: deceased Mothers Name: Elvira I. Makinano Occupation: OFW II. EducationAL BACKGROUND Preschool –Balay Silonganan Learning Center – S. Y. : 1999-2001 Primary Level – Butuan Central Elementary School – S. Y. : 2001-2007 Secondary Level – Agusan National High School – S. Y. : 2007-Present III. Honors, Scholarship and Awards Preschool Kinder II Honors: Salutatorian Awards: Best in Writing, Most Neat and Clean Primary Level Grade 1 Honors: 1st Honors Award: Best in Writing, Most Punctual, Most Neat and Clean, Best in Science Grade 2 Honors: 4th Honors Award: Most Polite Grade 3 Honors: 4th Honors Award: Most Neat and Clean, Most Polite Grade 4 Honors: 2nd Honors Award: Most Polite, 1st Place Science Quiz Bee District Level, 3rd Place Science Quiz Bee Division Level Grade 5 Honors: 2nd Honors Awards: Participant- Water District Quiz Bee District Level Grade 6 Honors: Salutatorian Awards: Outstanding Award, 1st Place MTAP Division Level (Team), 3rd Place MTAP Division Level Secondary Level 1st Year Level Honor: 6th Honors Award: Model Student 2nd Year Level Honor: 14th Honors IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and Technology, February 6, 009 Symposiums, Agusan National High School, Butuan City, S. Y. 2008-2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name:Charissa L. Abingosa Age: 15 yrs. old City Address: Employees Village, Libertad Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte Date of Birth: April 4, 1994 Height: 164 cm Weight: 52. 5 kg Civil Status: Sing le Religion: Roman Catholic Citizenship: Filipino Fathers Name: Manuel Q. Abingosa Age 47 yrs. old Occupation: Motor Cycle Driver Mothers Name: Nerlita L. Abingosa Age: 46 yrs. old Occupation: Government Employee Brothers Name: Emmanuel L. Abingosa Age: 14 yrs. old II. EducationAL BACKGROUND Preschool –Sacred Heart– S. Y. : 1999-2001 Primary Level – Butuan Central Elementary School – S. Y. : 2001-2007 Secondary Level – Agusan National High School – S. Y. : 2007-Present III. Honors, Scholarship and Awards Primary Level Grade 1 Honors: 6th Honors Grade 2 Honors: 1st Honors Grade 3 Honors: 14th Honors Grade 4 Honors: 8th Honors Grade 5 Honors: 8th Honors Grade 6 Honors: 3rd Honors Secondary Level 1st Year Level Honor: 5th Honors 2nd Year Level Honor: 21st Honors Awards: 1st place in Division and District 2nd Year Level Suduko 2nd Place in 1st Regional Math Festival IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School Senior/Cadet Scouts Conference, August 15, 2009, at GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City Chief Girl Scout Medal Scheme Orientation and Workshop at GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City, July 25, 2009 Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and Technology, February 6, 2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: Gonzaga, Mhizelie Jave F. Age: 15 yrs. old Address: P-10 Ong Yiu Dist. Butuan City Birth date:February 21, 1994 Gender: Female Status: Single Parents Information: Mothers Name: Ma. Jovelin V. Forrosuelo Occupation: Public School Teacher Fathers Name: Jose Bayani L. Gonzaga Occupation: Owner Type Jeepney Driver No. of Siblings: 1 Position in Family: Eldest II. EducationAL BACKGROUND Schools Attended: Preschool: Angelicum Montessori School; S. Y. 1998-2000 Elementary:Butuan City SPED Center FL; S. Y. 2001-2006 High School: Agusan national High School; S. Y 2007- present III. Honor Scholarships and Awards Preschool: Graduated as a Salutatorian Awards: Proficiency in Science Best in Oral Expression (Filipino) Best in Writing Best in Reading Best in Spelling Most Neat and Clean Best in Music and Rhythm Elementary: Graduated as a Salutatorian Awards: S. Y. 2006-2007 1st Place Regional Quiz Bee, SPED Schools Category 3rd Place, Regional Science Quiz Bee, Over All 1st Placer Division Science Quiz Bee nd Placer Division Science Fair â€Å"Comparing Metal Elements Found in Leaves of Different Mango Varieties† 3rd Honors, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Individual Category 3rd Runner up, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team Competition Qualifier, Philippine Science High School Scholarship Exam, Davao Campus Contributor, â€Å"Ang Manaol† O fficial School Paper of BCSC (Filipino) Active Girl Scout Red Cross Member Class Auditor Best in Science Most Diligent Academic Excellence Awardee, Green Bank CARAGA Chapter Academic Excellence Awardee, M. Lurielle, Butauan City Branch S. Y. 2005-2006 3rd Honors, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Individual Category 1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team category S. Y. 2004-2005 2nd Placer, Regional Science Quiz Bee, Over All S. Y. 2003-2004 1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team category S. Y. 2002-2003 1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team Category High School: Awards: S. Y. 2007-2008 1st Placer, Division Science Quiz Bee st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team Category S. Y. 2008-2009 3rd Placer, Schools Science Fair, â€Å"Copper and Tin Alloy As Substitute to Silicon in Photovoltaic Cell† 3rd Placer, Regional Science Fair, â€Å"Copper and Tin Alloy as substitute to Silicon in Photovoltaic Cell† IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippin e Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and Technology, February 6, 2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: Ben Jay Felizarta Age: 15 years old Address: New Asia R. Calo, Butuan City B-day: July 9, 1994 Mother’s Name: Rosanna Felizarta Occupation: House Keeper Father’s Name: Bilarmino Ocay Occupation: Tailor II. EducationAL BACKGROUND Pre-School: Honor Received-1st Honor Primary Level: Obrero Elementary School Honor Received- Gr. 1 – 1st Honor Gr. 2 – 1st Honor Gr. 3 – 2nd Honor Gr. 4 – 1st Honor Gr. 5 – 2nd Honor Gr. 6 – 1st Honorable Mention Secondary Level: Agusan National High School Honor Received- None so far ———————– The effect of absenteeism to student’s learning and class/school performance. Conduct a Conference Dialogue Socio-Demographic profile of the respondent: †¢ Gender †¢ Age †¢ Civil status Common cause of absence †¢ Self inquiry †¢ Family problem †¢ AGUSAN RIVER AGUSAN RIVER